Joints of Shoulder
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Acromioclavicular joint
- Is a synovial plane joint that allows a gliding movement when the scapula rotates and is reinforced by the coracoclavicular ligament, which consists of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments.
Sternoclavicular joint
- Is a double synovial plane (gliding) joint and united by the fibrous capsule.
- Is reinforced by the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular, interclavicular, and costoclavicular ligaments.
- Allows elevation and depression, protraction and retraction, and circumduction of the shoulder.
Shoulder (glenohumeral) joint
- Is a synovial ball-and-socket joint between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus. Both articular surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage.
- Is surrounded by the fibrous capsule that is attached superiorly to the margin of the glenoid cavity and inferiorly to the anatomic neck of the humerus. The capsule is reinforced by the rotator cuff, the glenohumeral ligaments , and the coracohumeral ligaments.
- Has a cavity that is deepened by the fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum ; communicates with the subscapular bursa; and allows abduction and adduction, flexion and extension, and circumduction and rotation.
- Is innervated by the axillary, suprascapular, and lateral pectoral nerves.
- Receives blood from branches of the suprascapular, anterior and posterior humeral circumflex, and scapular circumflex arteries.
- May be subject to inferior or anterior dislocation , which stretches the fibrous capsule, avulses the glenoid labrum, and may injure the axillary nerve.
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Rotator cuff
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Acromioclavicular joint- Is a synovial planeformed jointby thatthe allowstendons aof glidingthe movementsupraspinatus, wheninfraspinatus, theteres scapula rotatesminor, and issubscapularis reinforced; byfuses with the coracoclavicularjoint ligament,capsule; which consistsand provides mobility.
- Keeps the head of the conoidhumerus in the glenoid fossa during movements and trapezoidthus ligaments.stabilizes the shoulder joint.
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Sternoclavicular Ligaments of the shoulder joint
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Glenohumeral ligaments
- IsExtend afrom doublethe synovialsupraglenoid planetubercle (gliding)to joint andthe unitedupper bypart of the fibrouslesser capsule.Istubercle reinforcedof bythe humerus (superior glenohumeral ligament ), to the anterior andlower posterioranatomic sternoclavicular,neck interclavicular,of andthe costoclavicular ligaments.Allowshumerus elevation(middle andglenohumeral depression,ligament protraction), and retraction, andto circumductionthe lower part of the shoulder.lesser tubercle of the humerus (inferior glenohumeral ligament ).
Shoulder (glenohumeral)Transverse jointhumeral ligament
- Is aExtends synovial ball-and-socket joint between the glenoidgreater cavityand of thelesser scapulatubercles, and holds the headtendon of the humerus.long Bothhead articularof surfacesthe are coveredbiceps within hyalinethe cartilage.intertubercular groove.
Is
Coracohumeral surroundedligament
- Extends byfrom the fibrous capsule that iscoracoid attachedprocess superiorly to the margingreater oftubercle.
Coracoacromial theligament
- Extends glenoidfrom cavitythe andcoracoid inferiorlyprocess to the anatomicacromion.
neck of |
Bursae around the humerus.shoulder The
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- Form capsulea islubricating reinforcedmechanism bybetween the rotator cuff,cuff and the glenohumeral ligamentscoracoacromial ,arch andduring movement of the coracohumeralshoulder ligaments.joint.
Has
Subacromial abursa
- Lies cavitybetween thatthe iscoracoacromial deepenedarch byand the fibrocartilaginoussupraspinatus glenoid labrummuscle, ;and usually communicates with the subscapularsubdeltoid bursa;bursa.
- Protects andthe allowssupraspinatus abduction andtendon adduction,against flexionfriction andwith extension,the andacromion.
Subdeltoid circumductionbursa
- Lies andbetween rotation.Isthe innervateddeltoid bymuscle and the axillary,shoulder suprascapular,joint capsule and lateralusuallycommunicates pectoral nerves.with the subacromial bursa.
- Receives bloodFacilitates fromthe branchesmovement of the suprascapular,deltoid anteriormuscle and posteriorover humeralthe circumflex,joint capsule and scapularthe circumflexsupraspinatus arteries.tendon.
May
Subscapular bebursa
- Lies subjectbetween tothe inferiorsubscapularis ortendon anteriorand dislocationthe ,neck which stretchesof the fibrous capsule,scapula.
- Communicates avulseswith the glenoid labrum,synovial andcavity may injureof the axillaryshoulder nerve.joint.
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